Diferencijalni udarni presjeci za rašprsenje elektrona atomima iterbija

Electron scattering by ytterbium atom is studied at energies 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 eV, by applying a parameter-free complex optical potential. The real part of the complex optical potential includes the static potential Vst(r), the polarization potential Vpol(r) that consists of the short range correlation and long-range polarization effects and Vex(r) term consisting of electron exchange interaction which is modelled by assuming the electron charge cloud as a free electron gas. The loss of flux into the inelastic channels is included via a phenomenological absorption potential. Our results are compared with the recent experimental measurements.Proučavamo raspršenje elektrona na enegijama 10, 20, 40, 60 i 80 eV primjenom bezparametarskog kompleksnog optičkog potencijala. Realni dio optičkog potencijala uključuje statički potencijal Vst(r), polarizacijski potencijal Vpol(r) koji se sastoji od kratko-dosežnih korelacija i dugo-dosežnih polarizacijskih efekata i član Vex(r) koji se sastoji od elektronskog međudjelovanja izmjene, a izražen je pretpostavivši oblak elektronskog naboja kao slobodan elektronski plin. Gubitak toka u neelastične kanale uključuje se preko fenomenološkog apsorpcijskog potencijala. Postignuti ishodi uspoređuju se s nedavnim eksperimentalnim podacima

Diferencijalni udarni presjeci za rašprsenje elektrona atomima iterbija

Electron scattering by ytterbium atom is studied at energies 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 eV, by applying a parameter-free complex optical potential. The real part of the complex optical potential includes the static potential Vst(r), the polarization potential Vpol(r) that consists of the short range correlation and long-range polarization effects and Vex(r) term consisting of electron exchange interaction which is modelled by assuming the electron charge cloud as a free electron gas. The loss of flux into the inelastic channels is included via a phenomenological absorption potential. Our results are compared with the recent experimental measurements.Proučavamo raspršenje elektrona na enegijama 10, 20, 40, 60 i 80 eV primjenom bezparametarskog kompleksnog optičkog potencijala. Realni dio optičkog potencijala uključuje statički potencijal Vst(r), polarizacijski potencijal Vpol(r) koji se sastoji od kratko-dosežnih korelacija i dugo-dosežnih polarizacijskih efekata i član Vex(r) koji se sastoji od elektronskog međudjelovanja izmjene, a izražen je pretpostavivši oblak elektronskog naboja kao slobodan elektronski plin. Gubitak toka u neelastične kanale uključuje se preko fenomenološkog apsorpcijskog potencijala. Postignuti ishodi uspoređuju se s nedavnim eksperimentalnim podacima

Ukupni (elastični i neelastični) udarni presjeci raspršenja elektrona na molekulama N2O, CF4, NO I F2

Electron impact total (elastic + inelastic) cross sections and total ionization cross sections are calculated for N2O, CF4, NO and F2 molecules from the thresholds to 5 keV. A model complex optical potential is calculated for each collision system from the corresponding molecular wave function at the Hartree-Fock level. The resulting complex optical potential, free from any adjustable parameter, is treated exactly in a variable-phase approach to calculate scattering complex phase shifts and the total cross sections. The present results are found to be consistent with the existing experimental measurements.Izračunali smo ukupne elektronske sudarne (elastične i neelastične) i ukupne ionizacijske udarne presjeke za molekule N2O, CF4, NO i F2 za energije od praga do 5 keV. Modelske kompleksne optičke potencijale smo izračunali za svaki sustav na osnovi odgovarajućih molekulskih Hartree-Fockovih valnih funkcija. Postignute optičke potencijale, bez parametara za podešavanje, primijenili smo egzaktno s promjenljivim fazama u računima kompleksnih faznih pomaka i ukupnih udarnih presjeka. Ishodi računa su u skladu s dostupnim rezultatima mjerenja

Ukupni (elastični i neelastični) udarni presjeci raspršenja elektrona na molekulama N2O, CF4, NO I F2

Electron impact total (elastic + inelastic) cross sections and total ionization cross sections are calculated for N2O, CF4, NO and F2 molecules from the thresholds to 5 keV. A model complex optical potential is calculated for each collision system from the corresponding molecular wave function at the Hartree-Fock level. The resulting complex optical potential, free from any adjustable parameter, is treated exactly in a variable-phase approach to calculate scattering complex phase shifts and the total cross sections. The present results are found to be consistent with the existing experimental measurements.Izračunali smo ukupne elektronske sudarne (elastične i neelastične) i ukupne ionizacijske udarne presjeke za molekule N2O, CF4, NO i F2 za energije od praga do 5 keV. Modelske kompleksne optičke potencijale smo izračunali za svaki sustav na osnovi odgovarajućih molekulskih Hartree-Fockovih valnih funkcija. Postignute optičke potencijale, bez parametara za podešavanje, primijenili smo egzaktno s promjenljivim fazama u računima kompleksnih faznih pomaka i ukupnih udarnih presjeka. Ishodi računa su u skladu s dostupnim rezultatima mjerenja

Relationship between genetic divergence and phenotypic stability in chickpea

In this investigation, by and large, genotypes included in the same cluster had identiea means but the linear responses were not the same. However, genotypes included in the same cluster had almost identical non-linear responses. Therefore, grouping of material into different clusters based on regression analysis was found to be reliable as that of Mahalanobis' D2 Statisti

Genetic divergence in chickpea

The grouping of genotypes from different ecogeographical areas in the same cluster confirmed that there is no parallelism between genetic diversity and geographical distribution. The pattern of clustering was highly influenced by environment and while making general statement on this aspect, the experimental conditions should be taken into consideration. To make worthwhile improvement in chickpea, 100-seed weight, pods per plant, flowering period and harvest index, in that order, should be taken into account. The clustering pattern of genotypes has revealed that Desi and Kabuli types are different from each other. Hence, crossing among these two types may provide more desirable segregant

How do women prepare for pregnancy? Preconception experiences of women attending antenatal services and views of health professionals

Copyright: © 2014 Stephenson et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Main objective - To determine the extent to which women plan and prepare for pregnancy. Methods - Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of pregnant women attending three maternity services in London about knowledge and uptake of preconception care; including a robust measure of pregnancy planning, and phone interviews with a range of health care professionals. Main results - We recruited 1173/1288 (90%) women, median age of 32 years. 73% had clearly planned their pregnancy, 24% were ambivalent and only 3% of pregnancies were unplanned. 51% of all women and 63% of those with a planned pregnancy took folic acid before pregnancy. 21% of all women reported smoking and 61% reported drinking alcohol in the 3 months before pregnancy; 48% of smokers and 41% of drinkers reduced or stopped before pregnancy. The 51% of all women who reported advice from a health professional before becoming pregnant were more likely to adopt healthier behaviours before pregnancy [adjusted odds ratios for greatest health professional input compared with none were 2.34 (95% confidence interval 1.54–3.54) for taking folic acid and 2.18 (95% CI 1.42–3.36) for adopting a healthier diet before pregnancy]. Interviews with 20 health professionals indicated low awareness of preconception health issues, missed opportunities and confusion about responsibility for delivery of preconception care. Significance of the findings - Despite a high level of pregnancy planning, awareness of preconception health among women and health professionals is low, and responsibility for providing preconception care is unclear. However, many women are motivated to adopt healthier behaviours in the preconception period, as indicated by halving of reported smoking rates in this study. The link between health professional input and healthy behaviour change before pregnancy is a new finding that should invigorate strategies to improve awareness and uptake of pre-pregnancy health care, and bring wider benefits for public health.Department of Healt